Parabrachial Nucleus

The nocioceptive-recipient parabrachial nucleus appears to be crucial for the transmission of pain-related information to dopamine neurons. (Coizet 2010). The parabrachial nucleus has 3 major cell divisions - the medial parabrachial nucleus, the lateral prabrachial nucleus, and the kolliker-fuse nucleus (Fulwiler Saper 1984).

Neurosynth structure image:

Neurosynth connectivity image:

Coizet, V., Dommett, E. J., Klop, E. M., Redgrave, P., & Overton, P. G. (2010). The parabrachial nucleus is a critical link in the transmission of short latency nociceptive information to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Neuroscience, 168(1), 263-72. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.049 (Coizet2010.pdf)

Endnote Package Library (with PDFs)

-Nociceptive inputs from spinal cord (via lamina I of spinal and medullary dorsal horn) -Ventrolateral NTS, Periambiguous nucleus (Respiratory inputs) -Gustatory inputs (Rostral part of nucleus of solitary tract) -Medial NTS (Visceral) -Area postrema (Chemoceptive)

Saper Loewy 1980:

Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Dorsal raphe nucleus PPTg SNPc, VTA (Note: Most PBN neurons are glutamatergic. Coizet et al suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of PBN may result from PBN outputs onto GABAergic neurons in VTA which could then inhibit DA neurons.)

Nociceptive input Gustatory input Respiratory/locomotor coupling

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Coizet 2010:

• Injections of lidocaine&GABA antagonist muscinol on PBN: No PBN excitation to footshock
• Lidocaine/muscinol injection also caused reduction/elimination of dopamine inhibitory response to footshock

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• Lesions of PBN block increased dopamine overflow in forebrain caused by taste stimuli Hanjal Norjen 2005

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Coordinates (x, y, z): [0, 0, 0] , [0, 0, 0] Say how overall coordinates were derived here (single study? average? structural landmark?)

Specific study coordinates (if not too many)

Saper, C. B., & Loewy, a D. (1980). Efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain research, 197(2), 291-317. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6478256 Fulwiler, C. E., & Saper, C. B. (1984). Subnuclear Organization of the Efferent Connections Nucleus in the Rat of the Parabrachial, 229-259.

Neurosynth results for coordinate(s)

<list studies here from Neurosynth database>