====== Parabrachial Nucleus ====== The nocioceptive-recipient parabrachial nucleus appears to be crucial for the transmission of pain-related information to dopamine neurons. (Coizet 2010). The parabrachial nucleus has 3 major cell divisions - the medial parabrachial nucleus, the lateral prabrachial nucleus, and the kolliker-fuse nucleus (Fulwiler Saper 1984). ===== Image and Location ===== Neurosynth structure image: Neurosynth connectivity image: ===== Searches ===== === Searches so far: === === Most important references === Coizet, V., Dommett, E. J., Klop, E. M., Redgrave, P., & Overton, P. G. (2010). The parabrachial nucleus is a critical link in the transmission of short latency nociceptive information to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Neuroscience, 168(1), 263-72. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.049 ({{1-s2.0-s0166223610001050-main.pdf|Coizet2010.pdf}}) === Link to Endnote === {{:sample_endnote_library.enlp.zip|Endnote Package Library (with PDFs)}} ===== Structure ===== ==== Inputs ==== -Nociceptive inputs from spinal cord (via lamina I of spinal and medullary dorsal horn) -Ventrolateral NTS, Periambiguous nucleus (Respiratory inputs) -Gustatory inputs (Rostral part of nucleus of solitary tract) -Medial NTS (Visceral) -Area postrema (Chemoceptive) ==== Outputs ==== Saper Loewy 1980: {{::pbl_inputs.jpg?600}} {{::pbm_inputs.jpg?600}} {{:kf_outputs.jpg?600}} Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Dorsal raphe nucleus PPTg SNPc, VTA (Note: Most PBN neurons are glutamatergic. Coizet et al suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of PBN may result from PBN outputs onto GABAergic neurons in VTA which could then inhibit DA neurons.) ===== Functions ===== ==== Summary list ==== Nociceptive input Gustatory input Respiratory/locomotor coupling ==== Nociceptive input to dopamine neurons: short-term inhibition ==== === Effects of stimulation === * List with references. * Unordered List Item === Effects of lesions/inactivation === === Effects of microinjection === Coizet 2010: * Injections of lidocaine&GABA antagonist muscinol on PBN: No PBN excitation to footshock * Lidocaine/muscinol injection also caused reduction/elimination of dopamine inhibitory response to footshock === Optogenetics === * List with references. * Unordered List Item === Other === ==== Gustatory input to DA Neurons ==== === Effects of stimulation === * List with references. * Unordered List Item === Effects of lesions/inactivation === * Lesions of PBN block increased dopamine overflow in forebrain caused by taste stimuli [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15763573|Hanjal Norjen 2005]] === Effects of microinjection === * List with references. * Unordered List Item === Optogenetics === * List with references. * Unordered List Item === Other === ===== Studies activating ===== ==== Coordinates ==== **Coordinates (x, y, z):** [0, 0, 0] , [0, 0, 0] Say how overall coordinates were derived here (single study? average? structural landmark?) **Specific study coordinates** (if not too many) ^ Study ^ Description ^ x ^ y ^ z ^ | Fairhurst 2007 | Pain Receipt | -8 | -36 | -26 | | -6 | -36 | -22 | | 1st Author Name 20xx | Contrast Descrip | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 1st Author Name 20xx | Contrast Descrip | 0 | 0 | 0 | ==== List of Studies ==== === Specific, key studies === Saper, C. B., & Loewy, a D. (1980). Efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain research, 197(2), 291-317. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6478256 Fulwiler, C. E., & Saper, C. B. (1984). Subnuclear Organization of the Efferent Connections Nucleus in the Rat of the Parabrachial, 229-259. === Study list: Coordinate based === Neurosynth results for coordinate(s)