Table of Contents

Subthalamic area including subthalamic nucleus (STN)

See also
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Basal_ganglia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subthalamic_nucleus

Image and Location

from Dormont et al. (2004) 1516.full.pdf

from Benarroch (2008) neurology-2008-benarroch-1991-5.pdf

from Krack et al. (2010) 1-s2.0-s0166223610001050-main.pdf

Neurosynth structure image: N/A

Neurosynth connectivity image:

seed at (-12, -12, -4)

Searches

Searches so far:

Subthalamic nucleus[all] and review[all] Subthalamic nucleus[all] and optogenetics[all] Subthalamic nucleus[all] and connections[title]

Most important references

Baunez, C., J. Yelnik, et al. (2011). “Six questions on the subthalamic nucleus: lessons from animal models and from stimulated patients.” Neuroscience 198: 193-204. 1-s2.0-s0306452211011456-main.pdf

Benarroch, E. E. (2008). “Subthalamic nucleus and its connections: Anatomic substrate for the network effects of deep brain stimulation.” Neurology 70(21): 1991-1995. neurology-2008-benarroch-1991-5.pdf

DeLong, M. R. (2000). The basal ganglia. In E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, & T. M. Jessell, (Eds.), Principles of Neural Science. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. ch43.pdf

Krack, P., Hariz, M. I., Baunez, C., Guridi, J., & Obeso, J. A. (2010). Deep brain stimulation : from neurology to psychiatry ? Trends in Neurosciences, 33(10), 474-484. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.07.002 1-s2.0-s0166223610001050-main.pdf

stn_key_enl.zip

This endnote libarary has pdfs.

Structure

Outputs

See the figure from Benarroch (2008)

* excitatory

Inputs

* excitatory

* inhibitory

* modulatory

Functions

“The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small but vitally important structure in the basal ganglia. Because of its central role in motor control, the STN is the target of deep-brain stimulation that alleviates severe motor symptoms in many levodopa-resistant patients with Parkinson’s disease. Unfortunately, deep-brain stimulation of the STN also comes at a cost. In particular, some patients with Parkinson’s disease experience a decline in cognitive functioning, whereas others may become depressed, experience hypersexuality, hypomania, and some even commit suicide (Burkhard et al., 2004; Temel et al., 2005). These undesirable and perhaps unexpected side-effects of deep-brain stimulation suggest that the STN regulates not only motor behavior but also cognitive and emotional processes, a suggestion consistent with one of the most influential theories of the STN (Alexander and Crutcher, 1990).” from Keuken et al., (2012) fnana-06-00014.pdf

“The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been considered a motor structure for a long time. Over the last 20 years, anatomical and behavioral data have highlighted the position of the STN within a prefrontal-associative and a limbic loops, suggesting that the STN should play a critical role in frontal functions such as attention, inhibitory control (including impul- sive action, compulsivity, impulsive choice), and motivation.” from an abstract of Baunez and Lardeux (2011) fnsys-05-00083.pdf

“The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical signals to achieve behavioral switching.” (Hikosaka & Isoda, 2010) - see the below figure 1-s2.0-s1364661310000276-main.pdf

Summary list

Lambert, C., L. Zrinzo, et al. (2012). “Confirmation of functional zones within the human subthalamic nucleus: patterns of connectivity and sub-parcellation using diffusion weighted imaging.” Neuroimage 60(1): 83-94. 1-s2.0-s1053811911013644-main.pdf

Three subdivisions suggested by Lambert et al. (2012)

STN: non-motor functions

Effects of stimulation

Effects of lesions/inactivation

Effects of microinjection

Optogenetics

Other

STN: Motor functions

Effects of stimulation

Effects of lesions/inactivation

Effects of microinjection

Optogenetics

Other

Studies activating

Coordinates

Coordinates (x, y, z): from Lehericy et al.(2006) cereb._cortex-2006-lehe_ricy-149-61.pdf

[-12, -12, -4] , [12, -12, -5]

Specific study coordinates

from Lehericy et al.(2006)

Study Description x (L/R) y z
Lehericy et al., 2006 complex motor task - rest -12/10 -12/-12 -4/-6
Lehericy et al., 2006 complex motor task - simple -12/14 -12/-12 -4/-4

There is an atlas that are publicly avaiable * AFNI TTatlas: http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/afni/doc/misc/afni_ttatlas/

List of Studies

Specific, key studies

stn_key_enl.zip

* Baunez, C. and S. Lardeux (2011). “Frontal cortex-like functions of the subthalamic nucleus.” Front Syst Neurosci 5: 83. * Baunez, C., J. Yelnik, et al. (2011). “Six questions on the subthalamic nucleus: lessons from animal models and from stimulated patients.” Neuroscience 198: 193-204. * Benarroch, E. E. (2008). “Subthalamic nucleus and its connections: Anatomic substrate for the network effects of deep brain stimulation.” Neurology 70(21): 1991-1995. * Bergman, H., T. Wichmann, et al. (1990). “Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 249: 1436-1438. * Devergnas, A. and T. Wichmann (2011). “Cortical potentials evoked by deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic area.” Front Syst Neurosci 5: 30. * Dormont, D., K. G. Ricciardi, et al. (2004). “Is the subthalamic nucleus hypointense on T2-weighted images? A correlation study using MR imaging and stereotactic atlas data.” AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 25: 1516-1523. * Fasano, A., A. Daniele, et al. (2012). “Treatment of motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation.” Lancet Neurol 11(5): 429-442. * Garcia-Munoz, M., L. Carrillo-Reid, et al. (2010). “Functional anatomy: dynamic States in Basal Ganglia circuits.” Front Neuroanat 4: 144. * Gradinaru, V., M. Mogri, et al. (2009). “Optical deconstruction of parkinsonian neural circuitry.” Science 324(5925): 354-359. * Hikosaka, O. and M. Isoda (2010). “Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms.” Trends Cogn Sci 14(4): 154-161. * Keuken, M. C., H. B. M. Uylings, et al. (2012). “Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus?” Frontiers in neuroanatomy 6: 14. * Krack, P., M. I. Hariz, et al. (2010). “Deep brain stimulation : from neurology to psychiatry ?” Trends in Neurosciences 33: 474-484. * Lambert, C., L. Zrinzo, et al. (2012). “Confirmation of functional zones within the human subthalamic nucleus: patterns of connectivity and sub-parcellation using diffusion weighted imaging.” Neuroimage 60(1): 83-94. * Lehéricy, S., E. Bardinet, et al. (2006). “Motor control in basal ganglia circuits using fMRI and brain atlas approaches.” Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 16: 149-161. * Lim, L. W., A. Blokland, et al. (2010). “Attenuation of fear-like response by escitalopram treatment after electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsolateral periaqueductal gray.” Experimental neurology 226: 293-300. * Mallet, L., M. Polosan, et al. (2008). “Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Severe Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder.” New England Journal of Medicine 359(20): 2121-2134. * Massey, L. a., M. a. Miranda, et al. (2012). “High resolution MR anatomy of the subthalamic nucleus: imaging at 9.4 T with histological validation.” NeuroImage 59: 2035-2044. * Mathai, A. and Y. Smith (2011). “The corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic pathways: two entries, one target. So what?” Front Syst Neurosci 5: 64. * Peled, A. (2011). “Optogenetic neuronal control in schizophrenia.” Med Hypotheses 76(6): 914-921. * Rommelfanger, K. S. and T. Wichmann (2010). “Extrastriatal dopaminergic circuits of the Basal Ganglia.” Front Neuroanat 4: 139. * Slavin, K. V., K. R. Thulborn, et al. (2006). “Direct visualization of the human subthalamic nucleus with 3T MR imaging.” AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 27: 80-84. * Volkmann, J., C. Daniels, et al. (2010). “Neuropsychiatric effects of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson disease.” Nat Rev Neurol 6(9): 487-498. * Wei-gao, S., W. Hai-yang, et al. (2009). “Stereotactic localization and visualization of the subthalamic nucleus.” 122: 2438-2443. * Whitmer, D. and C. N. White (2012). “Evidence of human subthalamic nucleus involvement in decision making.” The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 32: 8753-8755. * Witt, K., C. Daniels, et al. (2012). “Factors associated with neuropsychiatric side effects after STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease.” Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18 Suppl 1: S168-170.

Study list: Coordinate based

Neurosynth results for coordinate(s)

Title; Author; Journal; Year; PMD

A common left occipito-temporal dysfunction in developmental dyslexia and acquired letter-by-letter reading? Richlan F; Sturm D; Schurz M; Kronbichler M; Ladurner G; Wimmer H PLoS ONE 2010 20711448 A core system for the implementation of task sets Dosenbach NU; Visscher KM; Palmer ED; Miezin FM; Wenger KK; Kang HC; Burgund ED; Grimes AL; Schlaggar BL; Petersen SE Neuron 2006 16731517 A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Neural Mechanisms of Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect Kong J; Gollub RL; Polich G; Kirsch I; Laviolette P; Vangel M; Rosen B; Kaptchuk TJ Journal of Neuroscience 2008 19052227 A longitudinal fMRI study on motor activity in patients with multiple sclerosis Pantano P; Mainero C; Lenzi D; Caramia F; Iannetti GD; Piattella MC; Pestalozza I; Di Legge S; Bozzao L; Pozzilli C Brain 2005 15901646 A meta-analytic study of changes in brain activation in depression Fitzgerald PB; Laird AR; Maller J; Daskalakis ZJ Human Brain Mapping 2008 17598168 A systematic review and quantitative appraisal of fMRI studies of verbal fluency: Role of the left inferior frontal gyrus Costafreda SG; Fu CH; Lee L; Everitt B; Brammer MJ; David AS Human Brain Mapping 2006 16511886 Abnormal object recall and anterior cingulate overactivation correlate with formal thought disorder in schizophrenia Assaf M; Rivkin PR; Kuzu CH; Calhoun VD; Kraut MA; Groth KM; Yassa MA; Hart J Jr; Pearlson GD Biological Psychiatry 2006 16199012 Absolute coding of stimulus novelty in the human substantia nigra/VTA Bunzeck N; Duzel E Neuron 2006 16880131 Activation of olfactory and trigeminal cortical areas following stimulation of the nasal mucosa with low concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor-An fMRI study on chemosensory perception Albrecht J; Kopietz R; Linn J; Sakar V; Anzinger A; Schreder T; Pollatos O; Bruckmann H; Kobal G; Wiesmann M Human Brain Mapping 2009 18381635 Activity and connectivity of brain mood regulating circuit in depression: a functional magnetic resonance study Anand A; Li Y; Wang Y; Wu J; Gao S; Bukhari L; Mathews VP; Kalnin A; Lowe MJ Biological Psychiatry 2005 15866546 Activity in the hippocampus and neocortical working memory regions predicts successful associative memory for temporally discontiguous events Hales JB; Brewer JB Neuropsychologia 2010 20667491 Acute psychological stress reduces working memory-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Qin S; Hermans EJ; van Marle HJ; Luo J; Fernandez G Biological Psychiatry 2009 19403118 ADHD related behaviors are associated with brain activation in the reward system Stark R; Bauer E; Merz CJ; Zimmermann M; Reuter M; Plichta MM; Kirsch P; Lesch KP; Fallgatter AJ; Vaitl D; Herrmann MJ Neuropsychologia 2011 21163276 Age-effects on associative object-location memory Meulenbroek O; Kessels RP; de Rover M; Petersson KM; Rikkert MG; Rijpkema M; Fernandez G Brain Research 2010 20018180 Age-related changes in word retrieval: role of bilateral frontal and subcortical networks Wierenga CE; Benjamin M; Gopinath K; Perlstein WM; Leonard CM; Rothi LJ; Conway T; Cato MA; Briggs R; Crosson B Neurobiology of Aging 2008 17147975 Age-related functional changes in gustatory and reward processing regions: An fMRI study Jacobson A; Green E; Murphy C NeuroImage 2010 20472070 Altered Effective Connectivity within the Language Network in Primary Progressive Aphasia Sonty SP; Mesulam MM; Weintraub S; Johnson NA; Parrish TB; Gitelman DR Journal of Neuroscience 2007 17287508 Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of anterior and posterior insula regions in high-functioning participants with autism spectrum disorder Ebisch SJ; Gallese V; Willems RM; Mantini D; Groen WB; Romani GL; Buitelaar JK; Bekkering H Human Brain Mapping 2010 20645311 Amygdala Activity Is Associated with the Successful Encoding of Item, But Not Source, Information for Positive and Negative Stimuli Kensinger EA; Schacter DL Journal of Neuroscience 2006 16510734 Amygdala and nucleus accumbens in responses to receipt and omission of gains in adults and adolescents Ernst M; Nelson EE; Jazbec S; McClure EB; Monk CS; Leibenluft E; Blair J; Pine DS NeuroImage 2005 15850746 Amygdala and orbitofrontal reactivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression Coccaro EF; McCloskey MS; Fitzgerald DA; Phan KL Biological Psychiatry 2007 17210136 Amygdala function in adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a model for the study of early steroid abnormalities Ernst M; Maheu FS; Schroth E; Hardin J; Golan LG; Cameron J; Allen R; Holzer S; Nelson E; Pine DS; Merke DP Neuropsychologia 2007 17336344 Amygdala integrates emotional expression and gaze direction in response to dynamic facial expressions Sato W; Kochiyama T; Uono S; Yoshikawa S NeuroImage 2010 20096793 Amygdala responses to emotional faces in twins discordant or concordant for the risk for anxiety and depression Wolfensberger SP; Veltman DJ; Hoogendijk WJ; Boomsma DI; de Geus EJ NeuroImage 2008 18396414 Amygdala responses to positively and negatively valenced baby faces in healthy female volunteers: influences of individual differences in harm avoidance Baeken C; De Raedt R; Ramsey N; Van Schuerbeek P; Hermes D; Bossuyt A; Leyman L; Vanderhasselt MA; De Mey J; Luypaert R Brain Research 2009 19679112 Amygdala tractography predicts functional connectivity and learning during feedback-guided decision-making Cohen MX; Elger CE; Weber B NeuroImage 2008 17997112 Amygdalar modulation of frontotemporal connectivity during the inkblot test Asari T; Konishi S; Jimura K; Chikazoe J; Nakamura N; Miyashita Y Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 2010 20456928 An event-related fMRI study of the neural networks underlying the encoding, maintenance, and retrieval phase in a delayed-match-to-sample task Habeck C; Rakitin BC; Moeller J; Scarmeas N; Zarahn E; Brown T; Stern Y Cognitive Brain Research 2005 15820629 An fMRI investigation of procedural learning in unaffected siblings of individuals with schizophrenia Woodward ND; Tibbo P; Purdon SE Schizophrenia Research 2007 17544630 An fMRI investigation of syllable sequence production Bohland JW; Guenther FH NeuroImage 2006 16730195 An fMRI study of syntactic layers: sentential and lexical aspects of embedding Shetreet E; Friedmann N; Hadar U NeuroImage 2009 19595775 An fMRI study of theory of mind in schizophrenic patients with “passivity” symptoms Brune M; Lissek S; Fuchs N; Witthaus H; Peters S; Nicolas V; Juckel G; Tegenthoff M Neuropsychologia 2008 18329671 An fMRI study on the interaction and dissociation between expectation of pain relief and acupuncture treatment Kong J; Kaptchuk TJ; Polich G; Kirsch I; Vangel M; Zyloney C; Rosen B; Gollub RL NeuroImage 2009 19501656 Anterior prefrontal cortex and the recollection of contextual information Simons JS; Owen AM; Fletcher PC; Burgess PW Neuropsychologia 2005 16154453 Anterior prefrontal involvement in episodic retrieval reflects contextual interference King JA; Hartley T; Spiers HJ; Maguire EA; Burgess N NeuroImage 2005 16027012 Anticipating instrumentally obtained and passively-received rewards: a factorial fMRI investigation Bjork JM; Hommer DW Behavioural Brain Research 2007 17140674 Anticipation of novelty recruits reward system and hippocampus while promoting recollection Wittmann BC; Bunzeck N; Dolan RJ; Duzel E NeuroImage 2007 17764976 Anticipatory Activity in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Can Be Independent of Conflict and Error Likelihood Aarts E; Roelofs A; van Turennout M Journal of Neuroscience 2008 18448644 Art for reward's sake: visual art recruits the ventral striatum Lacey S; Hagtvedt H; Patrick VM; Anderson A; Stilla R; Deshpande G; Hu X; Sato JR; Reddy S; Sathian K NeuroImage 2011 21111833 Asymmetric modulation of human visual cortex activity during 10 degrees lateral gaze (fMRI study) Deutschlander A; Marx E; Stephan T; Riedel E; Wiesmann M; Dieterich M; Brandt T NeuroImage 2005 16005247 Auditory orienting and inhibition of return in mild traumatic brain injury: A FMRI study Mayer AR; Mannell MV; Ling J; Elgie R; Gasparovic C; Phillips JP; Doezema D; Yeo RA Human Brain Mapping 2009 19554558 Auditory temporal expectations modulate activity in visual cortex Bueti D; Macaluso E NeuroImage 2010 20298791 Basal ganglia and frontal involvement in self-generated and externally-triggered finger movements in the dominant and non-dominant hand Francois-Brosseau FE; Martinu K; Strafella AP; Petrides M; Simard F; Monchi O European Journal of Neuroscience 2009 19302163 Behavioral and Neural Evidence of Incentive Bias for Immediate Rewards Relative to Preference-Matched Delayed Rewards Luo S; Ainslie G; Giragosian L; Monterosso JR Journal of Neuroscience 2009 19940177 Bifurcation analysis of neural mass models: Impact of extrinsic inputs and dendritic time constants Spiegler A; Kiebel SJ; Atay FM; Knosche TR NeuroImage 2010 20045068 Brain activation and hypothalamic functional connectivity during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: an EEG/fMRI study Kaufmann C; Wehrle R; Wetter TC; Holsboer F; Auer DP; Pollmacher T; Czisch M Brain 2006 16339798 Brain activation associated with evaluative processes of guilt and embarrassment: an fMRI study Takahashi H; Yahata N; Koeda M; Matsuda T; Asai K; Okubo Y NeuroImage 2004 15528097 Brain Activation during Anticipation of Sound Sequences Leaver AM; Van Lare J; Zielinski B; Halpern AR; Rauschecker JP Journal of Neuroscience 2009 19244522 Brain activation during execution and motor imagery of novel and skilled sequential hand movements Lacourse MG; Orr EL; Cramer SC; Cohen MJ NeuroImage 2005 16046149 Brain Activation during Input from Mechanoinsensitive versus Polymodal C-Nociceptors Ruehle BS; Handwerker HO; Lennerz JK; Ringler R; Forster C Journal of Neuroscience 2006 16707801 Brain activation of lower extremity movement in chronically impaired stroke survivors Luft AR; Forrester L; Macko RF; McCombe-Waller S; Whitall J; Villagra F; Hanley DF NeuroImage 2005 15862218 Brain activity associated with the electrodermal reactivity to acute heat pain Dube AA; Duquette M; Roy M; Lepore F; Duncan G; Rainville P NeuroImage 2009 19027077 Brain anatomy differences in childhood stuttering Chang SE; Erickson KI; Ambrose NG; Hasegawa-Johnson MA; Ludlow CL NeuroImage 2008 18023366 Brain imaging of mechanically induced muscle versus cutaneous pain Uematsu H; Shibata M; Miyauchi S; Mashimo T Neuroscience Research 2011 21291923 Brain mechanisms for mood congruent memory facilitation Lewis PA; Critchley HD; Smith AP; Dolan RJ NeuroImage 2005 15850739 Brain mechanisms for preparing increasingly complex sensory to motor transformations Gorbet DJ; Staines WR; Sergio LE NeuroImage 2004 15528110 Brain Mechanisms of Perceiving Tools and Imagining Tool Use Acts: a functional MRI Study Wadsworth HM; Kana RK Neuropsychologia 2011 21419144 Brain network dynamics during error commission Stevens MC; Kiehl KA; Pearlson GD; Calhoun VD Human Brain Mapping 2009 17979124 CASL fMRI of subcortico-cortical perfusion changes during memory-guided finger sequences Garraux G; Hallett M; Talagala SL NeuroImage 2005 15734349 Central representation of hyperalgesia from myofascial trigger point Niddam DM; Chan RC; Lee SH; Yeh TC; Hsieh JC NeuroImage 2008 17999939 Cerebral regions processing first- and higher-order motion in an opposed-direction discrimination task European Journal of Neuroscience 2003 Changes in cerebral activations during movement execution and imagery after parietal cortex TMS interleaved with 3T MRI de Vries PM; de Jong BM; Bohning DE; Walker JA; George MS; Leenders KL Brain Research 2009 19523932 Changes of brain activation pre- post short-term psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy: an fMRI study of panic disorder patients Beutel ME; Stark R; Pan H; Silbersweig D; Dietrich S Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 2010 20933374 Characterizing spatial and temporal features of autobiographical memory retrieval networks: a partial least squares approach Addis DR; McIntosh AR; Moscovitch M; Crawley AP; McAndrews MP NeuroImage 2004 15589110 Clustered functional MRI of overt speech production Soros P; Sokoloff LG; Bose A; McIntosh AR; Graham SJ; Stuss DT NeuroImage 2006 16631384 Common neural substrates support speech and non-speech vocal tract gestures Chang SE; Kenney MK; Loucks TM; Poletto CJ; Ludlow CL NeuroImage 2009 19327400 Common neural systems for contact heat and laser pain stimulation reveal higher-level pain processing Helmchen C; Mohr C; Roehl M; Bingel U; Lorenz J; Buchel C Human Brain Mapping 2008 17924552 Compassionate attitude towards others' suffering activates the mesolimbic neural system Kim JW; Kim SE; Kim JJ; Jeong B; Park CH; Son AR; Song JE; Ki SW Neuropsychologia 2009 19428038 Complex span tasks and hippocampal recruitment during working memory Faraco CC; Unsworth N; Langley J; Terry D; Li K; Zhang D; Liu T; Miller LS NeuroImage 2011 21182968 Compromised fronto-striatal functioning in HIV: an fMRI investigation of semantic event sequencing Melrose RJ; Tinaz S; Castelo JM; Courtney MG; Stern CE Behavioural Brain Research 2008 18242723 COMT Val(108/158)Met polymorphism effects on emotional brain function and negativity bias Williams LM; Gatt JM; Grieve SM; Dobson-Stone C; Paul RH; Gordon E; Schofield PR NeuroImage 2010 20139013 Connectivity of the primate superior colliculus mapped by concurrent microstimulation and event-related FMRI Field CB; Johnston K; Gati JS; Menon RS; Everling S PLoS ONE 2008 19079541 Conscious recollection and illusory recognition: an event-related fMRI study European Journal of Neuroscience 2001 Constructive episodic simulation of the future and the past: distinct subsystems of a core brain network mediate imagining and remembering Addis DR; Pan L; Vu MA; Laiser N; Schacter DL Neuropsychologia 2009 19041331 Correlations of interictal FDG-PET metabolism and ictal SPECT perfusion changes in human temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis Nelissen N; Van Paesschen W; Baete K; Van Laere K; Palmini A; Van Billoen H; Dupont P NeuroImage 2006 16762567 Cortical activation in response to pure taste stimuli during the physiological states of hunger and satiety Haase L; Cerf-Ducastel B; Murphy C NeuroImage 2009 19007893 Cortical activity in Parkinson's disease during executive processing depends on striatal involvement Monchi O; Petrides M; Mejia-Constain B; Strafella AP Brain 2007 17121746 Cortical effects of anticipation and endogenous modulation of visceral pain assessed by functional brain MRI in irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls Song GH; Venkatraman V; Ho KY; Chee MW; Yeoh KG; Wilder-Smith CH Pain 2006 16846694 Cortical processing of visceral and somatic stimulation: differentiating pain intensity from unpleasantness Dunckley P; Wise RG; Aziz Q; Painter D; Brooks J; Tracey I; Chang L Neuroscience 2005 15896917 Cortical recruitment during selective attention in multiple sclerosis: an fMRI investigation of individual differences Prakash RS; Erickson KI; Snook EM; Colcombe SJ; Motl RW; Kramer AF Neuropsychologia 2008 18577390 Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing Seminowicz DA; Davis KD Pain 2006 16427738 Cross-modal interactions between human faces and voices involved in person recognition Joassin F; Pesenti M; Maurage P; Verreckt E; Bruyer R; Campanella S Cortex 2011 20444445 D2 antidopaminergic modulation of frontal lobe function in healthy human subjects Tost H; Meyer-Lindenberg A; Klein S; Schmitt A; Hohn F; Tenckhoff A; Ruf M; Ende G; Rietschel M; Henn FA; Braus DF Biological Psychiatry 2006 16950215 D2 receptor genotype and striatal dopamine signaling predict motor cortical activity and behavior in humans Fazio L; Blasi G; Taurisano P; Papazacharias A; Romano R; Gelao B; Ursini G; Quarto T; Lo Bianco L; Di Giorgio A; Mancini M; Popolizio T; Rubini G; Bertolino A NeuroImage 2011 21087673 Developmental Changes in Mental Arithmetic: Evidence for Increased Functional Specialization in the Left Inferior Parietal Cortex Rivera SM; Reiss AL; Eckert MA; Menon V Cerebral Cortex 2005 15716474 Developmental Differences in Posterior Mesofrontal Cortex Recruitment by Risky Rewards Bjork JM; Smith AR; Danube CL; Hommer DW Journal of Neuroscience 2007 17475792 Developmental differences in white matter architecture between boys and girls Schmithorst VJ; Holland SK; Dardzinski BJ Human Brain Mapping 2008 17598163 Different categories of living and non-living sound-sources activate distinct cortical networks Engel LR; Frum C; Puce A; Walker NA; Lewis JW NeuroImage 2009 19465134 Differential activation of the amygdala and the 'social brain' during fearful face-processing in Asperger Syndrome Ashwin C; Baron-Cohen S; Wheelwright S; O'Riordan M; Bullmore ET Neuropsychologia 2007 16806312 Differential activity in left inferior frontal gyrus for pseudowords and real words: An event-related fMRI study on auditory lexical decision Xiao Z; Zhang JX; Wang X; Wu R; Hu X; Weng X; Tan LH Human Brain Mapping 2005 15846769 Diminished neural sensitivity to irregular facial expression in first-episode schizophrenia Bleich-Cohen M; Strous RD; Even R; Rotshtein P; Yovel G; Iancu I; Olmer A; Hendler T Human Brain Mapping 2009 19172653 Dissociable neural circuits for encoding and retrieval of object locations during active navigation in humans Baumann O; Chan E; Mattingley JB NeuroImage 2010 19837178 Dissociating response conflict from numerical magnitude processing in the brain: an event-related fMRI study Ansari D; Fugelsang JA; Dhital B; Venkatraman V NeuroImage 2006 16731007 Dissociation of cortical regions modulated by both working memory load and sleep deprivation and by sleep deprivation alone Choo WC; Lee WW; Venkatraman V; Sheu FS; Chee MW NeuroImage 2005 15784437 Distinct neural correlates for two types of inhibition in bilinguals: response inhibition versus interference suppression Luk G; Anderson JA; Craik FI; Grady C; Bialystok E Brain and Cognition 2010 20965635 Distinct representations of phonemes, syllables, and supra-syllabic sequences in the speech production network Peeva MG; Guenther FH; Tourville JA; Nieto-Castanon A; Anton JL; Nazarian B; Alario FX NeuroImage 2010 20035884 Distinct striatal regions for planning and executing novel and automated movement sequences Jankowski J; Scheef L; Huppe C; Boecker H NeuroImage 2009 19059350 Dominance for Vestibular Cortical Function in the Non-dominant Hemisphere Cerebral Cortex 2003 12902399 Dopamine Depletion Impairs Frontostriatal Functional Connectivity during a Set-Shifting Task Nagano-Saito A; Leyton M; Monchi O; Goldberg YK; He Y; Dagher A Journal of Neuroscience 2008 18385328 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predicts responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia Kumari V; Peters ER; Fannon D; Antonova E; Premkumar P; Anilkumar AP; Williams SC; Kuipers E Biological Psychiatry 2009 19560121 Dynamic intra- and interhemispheric interactions during unilateral and bilateral hand movements assessed with fMRI and DCM Grefkes C; Eickhoff SB; Nowak DA; Dafotakis M; Fink GR NeuroImage 2008 18486490 Dynamic Perception of Facial Affect and Identity in the Human Brain Cerebral Cortex 2003 12967919 Dynamics of Prefrontal and Cingulate Activity during a Reward-Based Logical Deduction Task Landmann C; 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