This WIKI is a guide to human subcortical-brainstem anatomy and connectivity. Observational clinical studies have linked social and higher cognitive phenomena to several types of changes in peripheral organ systems and disease processes. This WIKI reviews the autonomic and neuroendocrine outputs that regulate peripheral function, with an emphasis on a) brainstem regions, and b) sympathetic (SNS) regulation systems. It goes beyond the brainstem itself to provide information on the subcortical-brainstem interactions likely to be critical for the effects of cognitive and emotional processes on peripheral physiology.
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Amygdala (CE, BL, CM groups) – So Young
PVH: Paraventricular zone- Wani
VMH: Ventromedial zone- Wani
Ventral striatum and nucleus accumbens – Marina
Ventral pallidum – Marina
Habenula - Jessica M.
Subthalamic area including subthalamic nucleus (STN) - Wani
VTA: Ventral Tegmental Area – T Hazy
SNc: Substantia Nigra, pars reticulata – T Hazy
SNr: Substantia Nigra, pars reticulata – T Hazy
NCF: Nucleus Cuneiformis - So Young
RMTg: Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus - Jessica M.
PAG (dorso-lateral, ventro-lateral, and lateral PAG) - Wani
RAS:Reticular activating system - So Young
LC: Locus Coeruleus – Marieke
PPRF: Parapontine reticular formation
DRN: dorsal raphe nuc. -Helena
NRM: nuc. raphe magnus -Helena
RVM: Rostral ventral medulla
NTS: Nuc. tractus solitarius
PBN: parabrachial nuclear complex - Jessica M
Amb: Nucleus Ambiguus
DMNX: Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
Mai & Paxinos interactive brainstem atlas:
http://www.thehumanbrain.info/head_brain/brainstem_flash.php
John I. Johnson, Brian M. Winn, Garrett M. Kerndt, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Myrvine Bernadotte, Prashant Vaishnava and Keith D. Sudheimer Radiology Department, Communications Technology Laboratory, and College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University https://www.msu.edu/user/brains/brains/human/brainstem/index.html
Rand Swenson http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/Atlas/BrainStem/index.html
Allen Brain Institute Atlases http://atlas.brain-map.org
This site is made possible with generous support from the National Cancer Institute Network on Biobehavioral Pathways in Cancer, SAIC, and the members Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience lab.